Tobacco Litigation :: essays research papers

THE BATTLE OF MINNESOTA Document Discovery In The 1997 Minnesota Tobacco Litigation . I. INTRODUCTION Although any legal observer would tell you the prospect long loomed on the horizon, on July 14, 2000, when a Florida jury handed down a judgment of $144.8 billion dollars against the seven major tobacco companies , the mental shock of hearing such a figure was still staggering. It remains unclear as of this writing exactly how much of this massive verdict will ever be collected by the plaintiffs - a behemoth class of Florida smokers - injured by the products marketed, manufactured and sold by the defendants. In the days immediately following the judgement, the tobacco industry carried on business as usual and even the companies’ stock prices remained largely unchanged . Irrespective of the minimal immediate financial and social effects of this judgment, the legal implications for the tobacco industry, the plaintiff’s bar, and the state and federal government entities presently bringing suit for tobacco related harms, cannot be overemphasized. The Florida judgment, the largest in civil legal history, although unique in its outcome, was only one more chapter in the long and still unfolding saga of American tobacco litigation. After many years of successfully fighting countless â€Å"wars† in the arena of civil mass torts, Goliath had fallen, and although he was far from dead, he could no longer afford to laugh at the prospect of the battle before him. The husband and wife legal team of Stanley and Irene Rosenblatt had successfully felled an opponent that, less than a decade earlier, had toppled even the best and brightest of the plaintiff’s bar. The Florida plaintiffs’ arsenal, however, was filled with the unique and powerf ul ammunition of countless â€Å"confidential† documents passed between the defendants’ employees, and even their legal counsel. Without a slingshot full of these stones, Goliath was unlikely to have fallen, and the manner, and legal justification for how they were introduced into evidence remains a controversy of great legal significance. For even now, as the practical and legal ramifications of the Florida case and judgment remain unclear, many legal scholars are still busy debating the outcome of a prior legal battle, without which the Florida judgment never could have occurred: the battle of Minnesota. II. Tobacco Litigation - A History of The Three â€Å"Waves† A. The â€Å"First Wave† (1950 - 1980) For ease of reference, the history of tobacco litigation is usually summarized into three â€Å"waves.

Indigenous peoples of the Americas

Reading assignments and class presentations and discussions are organized chronologically and by themes. The topics to be considered Include political history, economic and social developments, and labor gyrations. All reading assignments will be from the required texts and supplementary materials that will be distributed In class as handouts or posted on Blackboard. Learning Outcomes This course will provide students with a basic understanding of the history of the Caribbean, especially from the late nineteenth century to the present.Students will gather and assess differing Interpretations about significant events In Caribbean history, such as the demise of the Indigenous population, the Orleans of slavery, the Students will also have an opportunity to compare and contrast various Caribbean societies so as to appreciate the many aspects of their shared history, society and culture, as well as the ways in which these territories differ from each other, as well as from the United Sta tes. Students will evaluate evidence and arguments critically and produce well-reasoned written essays using evidence to support their conclusions. Course Requirements 1.Regular attendance is critical to being successful in this course. Any missed class will cause you to fall behind. More than four (4) absences will result in you failing the class. 2. Likewise, class participation is essential to your success in this course. Participation includes coming to class prepared by having read the assigned chapters and articles, and able to discuss them in class. 3. All deadlines for assignments must be met. 4. All exams must be taken on the day noted in the syllabus. 5. Textbooks and other require texts or reading materials are required for every class meeting, unless otherwise specified.GRADING Four (4) or more absences without Justification may become an F Grade at the discretion of the instructor. Letter grade Score 4. 0 3. 7 3. 3 3. 0 2. 7 2. 3 2. 0 1. 0 0. 0 Quality points 8+ c 93-10 0 90-92 87-89 83-86 80-82 77-79 0-76 Failure Your grade for this course will consist of six (6) components: 25% Attendance and Class Participation 35% Exams 15% Informal Written Assignments 15% Formal Written Assignment 10% Formal Writing: Information Essay and Powering Presentation CLASS ATTENDANCE not be able to attend a class, he/she should notify the instructor either by e-mail or by phone.You are required to be present, on time, and ready to participate. Your voice is crucial for the class to be a success. Absentee Policy: More than three (3) absences and/or any lateness will result in a loss of participation credit. Participation credit due to absence/lateness may only be made up through extra credit assignments at the professor's discretion. The following factors will result in a lower grade: Being unprepared Refusal to Participate Behavioral Problem Late Assignment CLASS ETIQUETTE All students are expected to arrive on time and refrain from any talking and eating during lect ures.Attendance will be taken the START of each class and only be taken once. Failure to be present during attendance will result in the mark of absent and WILL NOT BE CHANGED. Asking of questions and participation during discussions is tryingly encouraged. Please note that all electronic devices including cellular phones are prohibited during class at all times. This includes testing. No TEXT messaging during class. Failure to comply with these rules may result in as much as FIVE (5) points taken from that student's next exam, or assignment and/or expulsion from the classroom.A copy of CUNY policy on academic integrity will be made available on BLACKBOARD MAJOR ASSIGNMENTS Informal and Formal Writing Informal Writing Assignments The informal writing will consist of out of class assignments. These are â€Å"writing to learn† activities. They are based on the understanding that there is a close relationship between writing, thinking, and learning. The instructor will collect a nd review these assignments. In these informal assignments, students are encouraged to write in narrative form using complete sentences, correct grammar, and accurate so as to improve this skill.In addition, the aim of these activities is to help students clarify their thinking on the subjects and issues covered in the readings and class discussions. Daily Chapter Reviews: Write 1-2 paragraphs (paragraph: 8-10 sentences) Make sure that you note the following: Summarize the major arguments, concepts, ideas presented in the chapter Indicate what conclusion the author reaches Indicate details you found particularly interesting important controversial vague or obvious The purpose of this exercise is to practice writing on a regular basis so as to improve this skill.In addition, the purpose of this activity is to help students clarify their thinking on the subjects and issues covered in the readings and class sessions. Grades for Daily Chapter Reviews (5): Student should bring their type daily chapter review for each of the readings. If we cover the same reading a student only has to write about the chapter once. I will collect five (5) of the chapter reviews and drop the lowest grade. I will NOT indicate when I will collect the chapter reviews so students must be prepared to submit their chapter review at the end of every class.Formal Writing Formal Writing Assignment 1 : Compare and Contrast Essay Indigenous Peoples of the Caribbean: (3-5 pages) The Taints and Caries established complex social, political and economic systems prior to the conquest of the Americas. In this essay, students will compare and entrants the social, political and economic organization of the Taints and Caries before the arrival of Columbus. Students will also discuss the cultural and religious practices in both communities. Lastly, students will explain how both communities resisted Spanish colonization in the initial years of colonization.Formal Writing Writing Assignment 2: Research Pap er Rebellion and Resistance in the Caribbean: (3-5 pages) From the start of European colonization in the Americas, acts of rebellion and resistance against European conquest consisted of arm resistance, sabotage, subversion and the creation of maroon communities. The establishment of maroon communities threaded the continuity of European dominance and forged alternative social, political, economic, and cultural communities separate from official European colonial centers. In this essay, you will examine the emergence and trajectory of one eighteen-century or ninetieth maroon community.You should examine the following: Delineate the conditions that led to the emergence of the maroon community Identify the primary leaders of the maroon community community Analyze the successes, triumphs and decline of the maroon community Choose to write about of these maroon communities: ) Maroons of Hispanic: The Figure of Enrolling 2) Haitian Maroons: The Figure of Macdonald 3) Jamaican Eternally T own Maroon Formal Writing Assignment 3: Information Essay and Powering Presentation For this assignment, students will have an opportunity to analyze Caribbean Culture and Identity.Write an essay of between two and three pages (500-750 words) in which you explore Caribbean culture and identity of one Caribbean country. Discuss the emergence of â€Å"Creole† culture, impact of slavery and 19th century migration of various groups, and present-day construction of racial identity. You will also a ten- minute Powering presentation to present your findings with the class EXAMS Students will take two (2) exams throughout the semester worth 100 points each.These exams will require students to apply information from the textbook and the class lecture; and will include a combination of multiple-choice, fill-ins, and true-false questions. The dates for the tests are listed on the assignment schedule, but are subject to change due to pacing and/or extenuating circumstances that may arise . Any changes will be noted in class. If you're unsure of an upcoming test date, you would call my office or e-mail me as soon as possible. Your lowest exam grade will be dropped.

The Main Theory Of This Given Article Is About How Much

The main theory of this given article is about how much adolescents and their peer influence occurs on social media. Researchers measured adolescents and their neural and behavioral responses to likes on a social media site, Instagram, a popular photo-sharing application and how their peer influence affects them. Social media is very popular and there have been several questions speculating whether or not social media has effects on interpersonal skills, social skills, development, and interactions between young adults. These certain questions revolve around the question whether or not social media has an effect on the developing brain. There are neural mechanisms hidden in social media use. When it comes to adolescence, it is important†¦show more content†¦They then tested to see if the final effects were a positive peer opinion on the brain. Viewing photos that had many likes or that had a few likes was the main reason in seeing how peer influence affected adolescence. They recruited adolescents to participate in their study. The participants posted a photo on their Instagram page, believing that their peers would see it and like it. It was then tested to see how many number of likes were under the photo and if that particular number affected behavioral responses in adolescence. Researchers hypothesized that the participants would like photos that were more popular and had the most likes rather than the photo that was less popular and had less likes. The influence of peers is highly important during the adolescence stage. It means adolescence knows how to interact, communicate, build relationships, and behave appropriately with others. Peer influence and peer pressure can have negative influences. Negative pressure can lead to dangerous and threatening behaviors such as drug use and reckless driving. Young people tend to upload daily activities/routines and risky behaviors online. Those particular actions may have an effect on other peers and encourage them to engage in risky and harmful behaviors. Included in the study, there were photos uploaded showing risky behaviors, trying to see if those photos aided in the influenced responses in adolescence. For this study, researchers used a paradigm andShow MoreRelatedGot to Get You Into My Life: Do Brand Personalities Rub Off on Consumers? Jcr Report1440 Words   |  6 PagesRoedder John This report is a study of brand personalities and how they can â€Å"rub off† on their consumers. This is how the consumer perceives themselves after they use that brand. This article is important because it shows how a brand can affect the consumer. If a brand can capture a personality of a certain person, the more likely that person will stick with that brand. Brand loyalty is a very important aspect of marketing and can produce a lot of good for the brand. 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The religious conspiracy theories suggested in this novel discuss secrets of epic proportions that have the potential to shatter the foundations of Christianity. â€Å"Behold the greatest cover-up in human history!† (270). Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code proves everybodyRead MoreComparing Ways in Which Celebrities are Presented in Two Tabloid Newspapers1094 Words   |  5 Pagesmore challenging language, and are for perhaps more intellectual people. From this newspaper I chose  £2m bland bombshell (3rd January 2004), an article on the recent successes of TV star Linda Barker. The Daily Star is a redtop, therefore aimed at the lower classes. It uses more simple, colloquial language, as this is generally the language that is best understood by this social group. From this newspaper I chose TV Barrymore flees UK and  £1.4m tax bill (also 3rd January